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Nanotechnology leverages the often-unique properties of super-small particles (a nanometer is a billionth of a meter) to create products with amazing qualities. These materials can make better batteries or lighter and stronger bike frames, as well as new medical instruments and medicines that can save lives. They’re increasingly common in consumer products, from “mineral-based” sunscreens to stain-repellent pants to boat paints that resist algae growth.Nanomaterials are believed to hold great promise for a wide variety of applications. Their ultra-tiny size also gives them different properties; scientists are struggling to figure out whether that can make them dangerous in the process, and how and why it happens.Carbon nanotubes have raised alarm because they’re small enough to be inhaled, and potentially become lodged in the lungs. Studies on rats show they can cause inflammation, which could lead to cancer. While the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has issued draft guidelines for protecting workers, there is no formal regulation by the U.S. government.